A solid state laser is a laser that uses a gain medium that is a solid, rather than a liquid as in dye lasers or a gas as in gas lasers. This book deals with theoretical and experimental aspects of solid state lasers, including optimum waveguide design of end pumped and diode pumped lasers. Solid state laser source fiber lasers, ultrafast lasers. A solidstate laser is a laser that uses a gain medium that is a solid, rather than a liquid as in dye lasers or a gas as in gas lasers. Solid state lasers have remained a vibrant area of research because several major innovations. In one example of this laser, ytterbiumdoped optical fibre is endpumped with a diode laser, however, several different designs and fibre cladding technologies exist and compete in the market for materials processing. Solid state lasers from an efficiency perspective norman p. Solidstate laser engineering is mainly intended for the practicing scientist or engineer who is interested in the design or use of solidstate lasers. At the early stage of the development of laser medicine the nd. Thus, some broadly tunable paramagnetic ion lasers offer the pulse energy and power of the traditional fixed wavelength, lamppumped, solid state lasers. Scalable concept for diodepumped highpower solidstate. Free post a pdf data sheet to our openindex product research engine. The long upper state lifetimes makes solid state lasers very suitable for q switching.
Pdf on jan 1, 2003, walter koechner and others published solidstate lasers. Together with a flattop pumpbeam profile this geometry leads to an almost homogeneous and onedimensional heat. The advances of semiconductor lasers enabled efficient diode laser pumping of laser. With contributions from leading international experts, the book explores the latest research results and applications of solid state lasers as well as various laser systems. In this laser, a ruby crystal is used as a laser medium. Yvo4 disk laser medium, which guarantees the maximum beam quality and stability for you.
Dpssls have advantages in compactness and efficiency over other types, and high power dpssls have replaced ion lasers and flashlamppumped lasers in many scientific. A new, scalable concept for diodepumped highpower solid state lasers is presented. Miniature solidstate lasers for pointing, illumination. Flashlamp, cw arc lamp, and laser pumping of yag lasers. Ions are introduced as impurities into host material which can be a glass or crystalline. Written from an industrial perspective, solidstate laser engineering discusses.
Organic solidstate laser for silicon nitride photonic integrated circuits. In recent years the use of diodepumped solidstate dpss lasers in oem applications has been growing rapidly. Any user of this site is welcome to upload data sheets for products they use and recommend. Diode laserpumped solidstate lasers are efficient, compact, all solidstate sources of coherent optical radiation. Laser cladding laser cladding ehsan toyserkani amir khajepour stephen corbin crc pr e s s boca raton london new york. The authors monograph solidstate lasers has become the mostused reference book in this area. Diode laserpumped solidstate lasers stanford university. Home package solid state lasers a graduate text w koechner, m bass pdf. Solidstate lasers um personal world wide web server.
Due to their excellent beam quality and precise beam guidance, you consistently obtain optimal processing results. In these lasers, glass or crystalline materials are used. Esi offers a solid state laser portfolio ideal for many applications including material processing, scientific research, and lcd panel repair. Solid state lasers differ in the geometry of their amplifying media. Major advances in solidstate laser technology have historically been preceded by advances in pumping technology. Rp photonics encyclopedia solidstate lasers, diode. The fractional thermal load in the gain medium is due to the quantum defect and related to the pumping and laser wavelength which are shown by p and l respectively. Many favorable characteristics such as chemical stability, mechanical durability, and long operational lifetime have put these laser systems among the most preferred candidates for a wide range. Ruby laser is one of the few solid state lasers that produce visible light. These materials have been actually the key point for the development of the latest generation of ultrafast lasers. One of the ways we help our community of laser scientists and engineers find the best products for their projects is by hosting a free openindex product database. Laser midinfrared systems, laser induced breakdown spectroscope and the clinical applications of surgical solid state lasers are also explored. Global solid state laser market is segmented on the basis of type, light source, enduse industry, application and geography. Because of their compact design, the lasers can be easily integrated into your existing systems.
The basic idea of our approach is a very thin laser crystal disc with one face mounted on a heat sink. Our primary source of light is from a laser diode, and lasers, by definition, are monochromatic and emit at a small divergence angle. Solid state laser for historical reasons, solid state lasers are lasers in which active ions in crystal or glass host materials are optically pumped to create a population inversion other types of lasers that employ solid state gain media are semiconductor lasers and optical fiber lasers. In addition, solid state lasers are more compact, energy ef. The long upper state lifetimes makes solidstate lasers very suitable for q switching. Solid state laser with excellent beam quality jenoptik. Barnes, transition metal solidstate lasers, in tunable. Secondharmonic generation is an efficient way to access the visible spectral range using diodepumped solidstate lasers. Early progress in diode laser pumped solidstate lasers was slowed by the need for cryogen ic cooling and by the low power levels of the diode lasers. In solid state lasers, light energy is used as pumping source. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. In recent years the use of diodepumped solid state dpss lasers in oem applications has been growing rapidly.
A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Together with a flattop pumpbeam profile this geometry leads to an almost. Solid state lasers which offer multiple desirable qualities, including enhanced reliability, robustness, efficiency and wavelength diversity, are absolutely indispensable for many applications. Types of lasers solid state laser, gas laser, liquid laser. Osa controlling the handedness of directly excited laguerre. Barnes nasa langley research center hampton, va 23681 u. Solid state lasers have remained a vibrant area of research because several major innovations expanded their capability.
Ruby laser is the first successful laser developed by maiman in 1960. Lasing medium including transitions and levels three and four involved. Applications for such lasers are abundant and excite a. Solid state lighting with blue laser diodes winlab. Scalable concept for diodepumped highpower solidstate lasers.
Navy lasers, railgun, and gunlaunched guided projectile. Types of lasers solid state laser, gas laser, liquid. The gain medium disks have highperformance realtime cooling that. Florian vogelbacher, joerg schotter, martin sagmeister, jochen kraft, xue zhou, jinhua huang, mingzhu li, kejian jiang, yanlin song, karl unterrainer, and rainer hainberger. Optomechanical devices, systems, and data storage optics, edited by gerald f. Gaussian lg01 donut mode with controllable handedness of the helical phase front trajectory in an endpumped solid state laser. In 2009, directed energy systems reached new heights with its scalable building block approach for compact, electric laser weapons when it produced the most powerful light ray created by an electric laser at that time, measured at more than 105 kilowatts kw under the u. Efficient frequency conversion into the visible and ultraviolet part of the. Some new rareearthdoped lasers, including double borate and halide crystals, and feedback in quantum dot semiconductor. Our approach is based on the use of a novel mode selection element consisting of two nanoscale thickness aluminum stripes to provide discrimination between lg01 modes. Rp photonics encyclopedia solidstate lasers, diodepumped.
Major innovations are presented with emphasis focused on the laser efficiency. Solid state lasers and systems represent a onebillion dollar industry, and they are the dominant class of lasers for research, industrial, medical, and military applications. The helical flash lamps used to pump early ruby lasers were superseded by the linear flash lamp and arc lamp now used to pump neodymiumdoped yttriumaluminum. Solidstate lasers have seen a fast and steady development and are the ubiquitous tool both for research and industrial applications. Keyes and quist 5successfully tested the idea in 1964 by demonstrating gaas diode laser pumping of uraniumdoped caf2 at 4 k. Manufacturing of ultrarobust solid state lasers using. Our fiber lasers can be used safely and reliably for laser material processing. How solid state laser is made material, making, history. Semiconductor based lasers are also in the solid state, but are generally considered as a separate class from solid state lasers see laser diode.
Solid state laser for historical reasons, solidstate lasers are lasers in which active ions in crystal or glass host materials are optically pumped to create a population inversion other types of lasers that employ solidstate gain media are semiconductor lasers and optical fiber lasers and amplifiers. Diodepumped solid state lasers dpssls are solid state lasers made by pumping a solid gain medium, for example, a ruby or a neodymiumdoped yag crystal, with a laser diode. Although semiconductor lasers have their own classification, and are also not considered solid state, their driver electronics are identical to diode pumped solid state dpss lasers. A graduate text find, read and cite all the research you. Solid state lasers are replacing dye, ion and hene type lasers in certain markets. Another outstanding recent development in the solid state laser field is the fibre laser. Parasuraman,department of metallurgy and material science,iit madras. Output power is also not very high as in co2 lasers.
The optical pumping process in an insulating solidstate laser can be illustrated schematically with reference to fig. The term laser is an acronym for light amplification by. Single flashlamp solidstate laser pumping chambers configurations available for all cw and pulsed solidstate laser. Therefore, in this section we elaborate on various architectures for driver electronics to power lamppumped. Efficiency of solid state laser is very low as compared to co2 lasers. Solidstate highenergy laser systems northrop grumman. However, these advantages can not be realised in practice if the laser assembly in itself is nei. Solid state lasers provide high reliability and compact size. Solid state lasers are known to offer a much extended lifetime as compared to gas lasers, thanks to the stability of the lasing medium. Manufacturing of ultrarobust solid state lasers using high. Solid state lasers in ir, green, and uv wavelengths offering ns, ps, fs pulses and powers up to 100 watts. Solidstate laser engineering pdf free download epdf.
Contamination and materials risk management in solid state laser systems john s. Electronic materials, devices, and fabrication by prof s. Miniature solid state lasers that achieve a large power density output powercm3 have become very desirable from a number of vantage points. Pdf on feb 7, 2012, amin alkhursan and others published solid state laser find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate.
Light sources such as flashtube, flash lamps, arc lamps, or laser diodes are used to achieve pumping. Laser diode module, dpss laser,fiber coupled laser for sale. Navy lasers, railgun, and gunlaunched guided projectile congressional research service 1 introduction issue for congress this report provides background information and issues for congress on three new shipbased weapons being developed by the navy solid state lasers ssls, the electromagnetic railgun. A ruby laser is a solid state laser that uses the synthetic ruby crystal as its laser medium. Diodepumped solidstate lasers or dpss lasers coherent. Continuous solidstate laser operation revealed by btl pdf. Given the importance of solidstate lasers, a graduate text is required that deals explicitly with these devices. Contamination and materials risk management in solid state. Great disadvantage of solid state lasers is the divergence, which is not constant and ranges 1 milli radian to 20 milli radian. Solid state lasers encompass active laser medium which is solid in state that contains crystals or glasses pumped with rare earth elements.
A solid state laser is a laser that uses solid as a laser medium. In many of these lasers the active particles are impurity ions doped into a host matrix. Pdf solidstate lasers and applications siyanda qhumayo. Heat generation and removal in solid state lasers 345 phenomena cannot be ignored in some cases such as er doped laser materials.
Light sources such as flashtube, flash lamps, arc lamps, or laser. Bulk lasers can thus easily achieve millijoule pulse energies and megawatt peak powers. Historically, the first laser was a solid state laser. Yag laser was the most common surgical laser among all other solid state lasers. This paper describes a highenergy laser hel concept based on a disktype solid state laser operating in active mirror mode. Solid state lasers a graduate text w koechner, m bass pdf. Diodepumped solidstate lasers dpssls are solid state lasers made by pumping a solid gain medium, for example, a ruby or a neodymiumdoped yag crystal, with a laser diode. The coherent diodepumped solid state dpss portfolio includes pulsed and shortpulsed qswitched, modelocked, and cw lasers that enable a wide range of applications in materials processing, life sciences, and research. The diode pumped solid state lasers, and particularly the fibre lasers, are extremely robust and have a lifetime longer than 10,000 hours. This allows very high pump power densities without high temperature rises within the crystal.
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